A Certificado Negativo is a certificate, to apply for at the Tax Office, that confirms that you are not obliged to file yearly RENTA income tax returns, because you don’t meet the requisites to do so.
Info on tax thresholds HERE. Info on when you’re considered to be a tax resident in Spain HERE.
Banks can ask for this certificate, in the context of needing to know where you are tax resident, and in the absence of a Fiscal Residency Certificate, which you cannot get when you don’t file the RENTA income tax declaration for residents, because their income is below the threshold.
You can also be asked for the certificate when you apply for subsidies, Becas for education etc.
To apply for the Certificado Negativo you can either download a PDF or access the online office of the Agencia Tributaria.
It’s Modelo 01 and you need to tick the option ´Presentación / No Presentación´ under SOLICITA on the PDF.
Next to ´modelo´ you write ´100´ as that’s the number for the RENTA income tax form, and next to ´ejercicio´ you write the taxyear (calendar year) you need the certificate for.
You can also do it online, but you will need a Cl@ve Pin or digital certificate to access the Tax Office’s electronic office and your phone number and bank details must be known with them. If this is not the case, you will need to file a Modelo 030 first, to register yourself with the Tax Office.