• Make a Donation
  • Ask For Advice

Legal Framework in Spain for Abandoned or Dangerous Properties 

Legal Framework in Spain for Abandoned or Dangerous Properties

 

Ley del Suelo y Rehabilitación Urbana (Land and Urban Rehabilitation Law)

This national law (currently Real Decreto Legislativo 7/2015) allows municipalities to take action in cases where:

A building is in a state of ruin or poses a danger to public safety. The owner fails to maintain the property in accordance with municipal standards.

Declaración de Ruina (Declaration of Ruin)

A local council can initiate this process if a house is abandoned, dilapidated, or structurally unsound. After declaring the building in “ruina,” they may: Order emergency repairs. Demolish the building if necessary. Place a charge against the property for the costs if the owner does not act.

Expediente de Ejecución Forzosa (Compulsory Execution Procedure)

If the owner is uncontactable, the council can execute the works themselves and later claim the costs via embargo (lien) or auction of the property.

Urban Conservation Duties (Deberes de conservación)

Property owners have a legal duty to maintain their buildings. If they don’t, the town hall may use Disciplina Urbanística (Urban Discipline) measures.

Registro de la Propiedad (Property Register)

The town hall will often attempt to identify the owner through the land registry and catastral. If no heirs or legal representative can be found (e.g. if the owner has died intestate), eventually the property could be declared abandoned (bienes vacantes), potentially reverting to state or municipal ownership.

Options for the town hall.

Ley del Suelo y Rehabilitación Urbana (Real Decreto Legislativo 7/2015)

This law provides the framework for property maintenance and the responsibilities of property owners. Key articles include:

Article 15: Duty of Conservation

Article 49: Forced Sale and Substitution

Declaration of Ruin (Declaración de Ruina)

Emergency Repairs or Demolition:

Cost Recovery:

Compulsory Execution Procedure (Expediente de Ejecución Forzosa)

Execution of Works:

Cost recovery.

Letter for your town hall:

Here is a template letter for you to copy paste and complete.  Take letter and copy (copy stamped and returned to you) to any “Entrada” at your town hall.

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[Postcode, Town, Province]
[Email address / Phone number]

To: Ayuntamiento de [Town Name]
[Address of Town Hall]
[Date]

Subject: Solicitud de actuación sobre vivienda abandonada en estado de deterioro

Estimados señores:

Me dirijo a ustedes como residente de [nombre del barrio/zona], para informar y solicitar actuación urgente respecto a una vivienda situada en [dirección exacta], la cual se encuentra en evidente estado de abandono y deterioro.

La propiedad presenta [describa brevemente: derrumbe parcial, cristales rotos, acumulación de basuras, riesgo para la seguridad pública, etc.], y según información vecinal, el propietario es inlocalizable desde hace tiempo.

Dado que la situación podría suponer un peligro para los vecinos y un perjuicio al entorno urbano, solicito que el Ayuntamiento inicie los trámites previstos en la legislación vigente, en concreto lo establecido en:

El Artículo 15 del Real Decreto Legislativo 7/2015, que impone al propietario la obligación de conservación del inmueble;

Y, si procede, se tramite una declaración de ruina o se actúe mediante ejecución subsidiaria, recuperando los costes conforme a lo establecido en los artículos 49 y siguientes del citado Real Decreto Legislativo.

Agradezco de antemano su atención a esta situación y quedo a su disposición para aportar imágenes o más detalles si lo consideran oportuno.

Atentamente,

[Firma si es en papel]

[Tu nombre completo]

 

Please note: The information provided is based upon our understanding of current legislation. It is not legal advice but is provided freely to enable you to be properly informed. We recommend that if you are considering taking action, you should seek professional advice.

How Can Citizens Advice Bureau Spain Benefit You?

As an expatriate living in Spain; do you find that the Spanish bureaucratic system can be disconcerting? Have you discovered that the simplest of transactions are difficult to conclude? Find yourself searching for answers to problems only to discover that there is nowhere where you could find a solution? I am assuming that the answer is yes and that is why should be a member of our web site if you arent already.
Lost in Spanish bureaucracy?
Touch here.
Partner Logo
Spain info Card Benefits